It’s Redistribution, Not Stimulus
by Jeffrey Miron on July 13th, 2010
13 Comments
Government stimulus spending is a contentious issue right now in Washington. But the $7.2 billion in the last stimulus package for extending high-speed Internet access is just beginning to be spent, and the beneficiaries could not be happier.
Of course the beneficiaries are happy; they are getting a gift from the rest of the country. But why is such a gift appropriate? The fact that private internet providers have not extended their networks to these areas means the benefits – the amount consumers would pay for the service – do not exceed the costs.
How, then, does it stimulate the economy for the government to waste resources?
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Cliff Nelson
I guess it:
1. Puts more money into the economy which increases the money base (i.e. some of that money is deposited at local banks and then lent out for other projects)
2. Gives people greater access to the internet which benefits the people and firms that they make purchases from.
3. Gives people greater access to the information on the internet which allow them to use public information to improve their lives and possibly to innovate and contribute their own ideas that improve everyone lives. (i.e it increases the pool of people that have access to information and that can share their ideas).
Hume
Cliff,
Of course those are benefits. But there are costs involved in providing those benefits. And if the costs outweigh the benefits, is the “common good” advanced? How can government determine whether the costs outweigh the benefits?
Cliff Nelson
I think the answer to that is although we never know what investments will reap a benefit in excess of its cost, we do know that if we stop we are sure to fail. Thus, we must continue. I think we always must make sure that investment continues and if the private sector stops, the gov’t to the best of its ability must pick up at least some of the slack.
Caro
Always refesrhnig to hear a rational answer.
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dfvazan
Cliff,
You’re missing a few fundamental distinctions between private investment and gov’t spending.
First, every dollar the gov’t spends must come from the private, wealth generating sector. That is, federal spending occurs at the expense of private investment. As gov’t spending increases, the private sector shrinks and gets crowded out.
Second, as each tax dollar is processed from our paycheck to the IRS to federally funded projects, the value is reduced due to bureaucratic waste. The “increased money base” is a fraction of what it would be had it been left in the hands of the citizens.
Third, individual investors are exponentially more sensitive to their investments than third party gov’t bureaucrats. Private investors are keenly aware of each dollar they invest, spend, donate, etc. precisely because it’s their money to grow or lose. The gov’t, on the other hand, lacks this regulating mechanism. If their projects fail or loss money, there is seldom any repercussion for their poor decisions.
Fourth, if the demand exists, private investors can accomplish nearly anything the gov’t can in less time, for fewer dollars, with better quality and less frequent raids on our wallets. If the demand is lacking, who is the gov’t to tell us otherwise? Free markets are wonderfully efficient and productive things when allowed to flourish.
Cliff Nelson
In terms of who (gov’t or private sector) makes better use of capital, given that the private sector devoted substantially all of its resources to fund housing, I have doubts about your conclusion that the private sector is more sensitive to investment decisions.
In any event, the larger issue is maximizing the value of our resources and to do that you want to keep resources being used. That means human capital, machines … etc. When our resources are left idle that is a loss that never can be recouped. So … the next question becomes how to maximize the value of our resources and to what extent should the gov’t be involved?
I think the answer to that is to the extent that the private sector is failing to do so.
The gov’t can incentivize activity and dis-incentivize activity. And, of course, the gov’t can spend.
Of course, you are right that the money it spends will have to be paid back, but I think you are wrong to assume that the spending must result in crowding out private investment. This is because (1) the gov’t spending if well done could be expansionary (2) private investment at the time of the gov’t’s action was stagnant and capital was idle. So .. the spending is in the “gap” so to speak.
As far as the long term implications, if the spending was expansionary there is no implication as the costs are recouped. And the spending must be expansionary because you have to keep going until the private sector joins in. You can’t let the country fall into decline.
Now you may say all the debt will require high taxes and take money from the private sector. Well … alternatively the private sector could just as easily destroy wealth. So I think the answer is you have to have faith that if investment continues some of the investments will pay off.
As far as the waste and other issues, they are present in both public and private and they must be minimized or it doesn’t matter what we do.
Jess Austin
I’m not particularly confident in the government’s ability wisely to choose public works projects. However, given the hundreds of billions we spend yearly on our ridiculously overbuilt transportation system (and even now I can hear the whining, “but I grew up with that, so I’m used to the government support!” — relax, I don’t want to take away anyone’s highway), and the fact that the current decision-makers are committed to spending money, they could do worse than spending it on local IP data connection. The free-market objections don’t work here, since the USA hasn’t had anything approaching a free market in telecom at the local, state, or national level since 1934 at the latest. Even if one is per se suspicious of “public” investment decisions, it is surely an improvement to diversify a bit? (If you are a fan of free markets, then that’s exactly what you’ll see in the interconnection market once the first/last mile is disintermediated from the long-haul. That battle is being fought on several fronts, but this new public spending is certainly a part of it.)
Local data connection and highways both have a better claim to public funding than other public resources that are only useful to small fractions of the population. Both highways and IP connectivity constitute an open public space that is useful in a wide variety of activities by a wide variety of actors, because both are engineered that way. This is in stark contrast to the technologies they replaced, railroads and POTS networks. Even more than the interstate highway system made possible our thriving truck shipping market, fast always-on ubiquitous unencumbered wired IP connection has enormous potential to create new markets and improve consumer choice.
dfvzazan
My criticism of this spending project was based on general principles of public vs. private investment rather than a technical understanding of high-speed internet. I’m in over my head re: the engineering aspect of the debate.
Given the current reality of a highly regulated telecom market, I don’t doubt your argument. When markets are fatally hobbled, such as our energy sector, there remain few viable alternatives to heavy gov’t funding and central planning. In a world absent these restrictions, however, markets should be able to provide these sevices at a lower overall cost and a higher rate of innovation. I would prefer to see our efforts directed at deregulating this market and extracting gov’t from decisions better left to private industry. Until that occurs, maybe this is the best among many poor options.
Moreover, when the gov’t provides these services you can be sure there’s a mess of strings attached. This network may facilitate future markets and consumer choice, but it will occur under the watchful eye of our federal benefactors. Given the enormous potential of such a network, this is powerful tool in the hands of our elite. I have no doubt the interstate commerce clause is on the tip of their tongues as we speak.
Jess Austin
In an ideal world, we’d get rid of the FCC, and a combination of WiMax, ultra-wideband and adaptive mesh-based networks would connect every interested consumer to the backbone peer of her choice within months. Of course, your car radio would stop working. And current spectrum hogs like the military and emergency services would have to update their gear. Also ILECs and mobile carriers would have their current business models gutted. And broadcasters would go out of business. Boo-hoo. Consumers everywhere would have a wide range of choices in media and communications services. To compete with the radio services, even traditional wired broadband providers would quit their anti-competitive anti-consumer nonsense.
In the meantime, as you say, this is better than many other available options. For many consumers, this means that finally a high-speed connection will be available at all, leave alone from a party other than the local ILEC/cableco duopoly.
Jon
That’s the cost of one month in Iraq. If the right would agree to chop the military budget, there’s no telling how small government could be.
But I agree with the other commenter who implied that this isn’t the apotheosis of government waste by a long shot.
And if you really want to talk redistribution how about your Federal tax dollars (as the resident of a wealthy state) traveling to less well off states often popolutated by…er, small government conservatives.
Marc
Your posts are so funny. If we had done it your way we would not have the Internet at all. You would still be waiting for the first company to start the Internet and claim that there clearly was no need for the Internet. After all, no company had invested in it yet. Right?
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